Sunday, November 25, 2007

Frequently Asked Questions in QTP Interviews

Mercury's QTP(Quick Test Professional) is one of the most popular
functional testing tools used in the industry today. Employers are
always on look out for QTP professionals. Here is a set of most
frequently asked questions in QTP interviews:


1. How Does Run time data (Parameterization) is handled
in QTP?
A) You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated
spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data
sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to
expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from
databases, spreadsheets, or text files.



2) What is keyword view and Expert view in QTP?
A) QuickTest’s Keyword Driven approach, test automation
experts have full access to the underlying test and object
propertyes, via an integrated scripting and debugging environment
that is round-trip synchronized with the Keyword View.
Advanced testers can view and edit their tests in the Expert View,
which reveals the underlying industry-standard VBScript that
QuickTest Professional automatically generates.
Any changes made in the Expert View are automatically
synchronized with the Keyword View.



3) Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP ?
A) Once a tester has run a test, a TestFusion report displays
all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an
expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where
application failures occurred, the test data used, application
screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies,
and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure.
By combining TestFusion reports with QuickTest Professional,
you can share reports across an entire QA and development
team.



4) To which environments does QTP supports ?
A) QuickTest Professional supports functional testing of all
enterprise environments, including Windows, Web, ..NET,
Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic,
ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.



5) What is QTP ?
A) QuickTest is a graphical interface record-playback
automation tool. It is able to work with any web, java
or windows client application. Quick Test enables you to
test standard web objects and ActiveX controls.
In addition to these environments, QuickTest Professional
also enables you to test Java applets and applications and
multimedia objects on Applications as well as standard
Windows applications, Visual Basic 6 applications and
.NET framework applications…



6) Explain QTP Testing process ?
A) The QuickTest testing process consists of 6 main phases:

1. Create your test plan

Prior to automating there should be a detailed description
of the test including the exact steps to follow, data to be
input, and all items to be verified by the test. The
verification information should include both data validations
and existence or state verifications of objects in the application.

1. Recording a session on your application

As you navigate through your application, QuickTest
graphically displays each step you perform in the form
of a collapsible icon-based test tree. A step is any user
action that causes or makes a change in your site,
such as clicking a link or image, or entering data in a form.

1. Enhancing your test
* Inserting checkpoints into your test lets you search
for a specific value of a page, object or text string,
which helps you identify whether or not your
application is functioning correctly.

NOTE: Checkpoints can be added to a test as you record it
or after the fact via the Active Screen. It is much
easier and faster to add the checkpoints during the
recording process.

1.
* Broadening the scope of your test by replacing fixed
values with parameters lets you check how your
application performs the same operations with multiple
sets of data.
* Adding logic and conditional statements to your test
enables you to add sophisticated checks to your test.

1. Debugging your test

If changes were made to the script, you need to debug it to
check that it operates smoothly and without interruption.

1. Running your test on a new version of your application

You run a test to check the behavior of your application.
While running, QuickTest connects to your application and
performs each step in your test.

1. Analyzing the test results

You examine the test results to pinpoint defects in your application.

1. Reporting defects

As you encounter failures in the application when analyzing
test results, you will create defect reports in Defect Reporting Tool.



8) How QTP recognizes Objects in AUT?
A) QuickTest stores the definitions for application objects in a
file called the Object Repository. As you record your test,
QuickTest will add an entry for each item you interact with.
Each Object Repository entry will be identified by a logical
name (determined automatically by QuickTest), and will contain
a set of properties (type, name, etc) that uniquely identify each
object. Each line in the QuickTest script will contain a reference
to the object that you interacted with, a call to the appropriate
method (set, click, check) and any parameters for that method
(such as the value for a call to the set method). The references
to objects in the script will all be identified by the logical name,
rather than any physical, descriptive properties.



9) What are the types of Object Repositorys in QTP?
A) QuickTest has two types of object repositories for storing
object information: shared object repositories and action
object repositories. You can choose which type of object
repository you want to use as the default type for new tests,
and you can change the default as necessary for each new test.
The object repository per-action mode is the default setting.
In this mode, QuickTest automatically creates an object
repository file for each action in your test so that you can create
and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying object
repository files. However, if you do modify values in an action
object repository, your changes do not have any effect on other
actions. Therefore, if the same test object exists in more than
one action and you modify an object’s property values in one
action, you may need to make the same change in every action
(and any test) containing the object.



10) Explain the check points in QTP?
A) . A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed
in a Application while the test is running. You can add eight types
of checkpoints to your test for standard web objects using QTP.

* A page checkpoint checks the characteristics of a Application
* A text checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the
appropriate place on a Application.
* An object checkpoint (Standard) checks the values of an object
on a Application.
* An image checkpoint checks the values of an image on a
Application.
* A table checkpoint checks information within a table on a
Application
* An Accessiblity checkpoint checks the web page for
Section 508 compliance.
* An XML checkpoint checks the contents of individual
XML data files or XML documents that are part of your
Web application.
* A database checkpoint checks the contents of databases
accessed by your web site



11) In how many ways we can add check points to an
application using QTP.
A) We can add checkpoints while recording the application
or we can add after recording is completed using Active
screen (Note : To perform the second one The Active
screen must be enabled while recording).



12) How does QTP identifes the object in the application?
A) QTP identifies the object in the application by LogicalName
and Class. For example : The Edit box is identified by
Logical Name : PSOPTIONS_BSE_TIME20Class: WebEdit



13) If an application name is changes frequently i.e while
recording it has name “Window1” and then while running its
“Windows2” in this case how does QTP handles?
A) QTP handles those situations using “Regular Expressions”.



14) What is Parameterizing Tests?
A)When you test your application, you may want to check
how it performs the same operations with multiple sets of data.
For example, suppose you want to check how your application
responds to ten separate sets of data. You could record ten
separate tests, each with its own set of data. Alternatively,
you can create a parameterized test that runs ten times: each
time the test runs, it uses a different set of data.



15) What is test object model in QTP ?
A) The test object model is a large set of object types or classes
that QuickTest uses to represent the objects in your application.
Each test object class has a list of properties that can uniquely
identify objects of that class and a set ofrelevant methods that
QuickTest can record for it.A test object is an object that
QuickTest creates in the test or component to represent the
actual object in your application. QuickTest stores information
about the object that will help it identify and check the object
during the run session.A run-time object is the actual object in
your Web site or application onwhich methods are performed
during the run session.When you perform an operation on your
application while recording,QuickTest: i) identifies the QuickTest
test object class that represents the object on whichyou performed
the operation and creates the appropriate test object. ii) reads the
current value of the object’s properties in your application andstores
the list of properties and values with the test object iii) chooses a
unique name for the object, generally using the value of one of its
prominent properties iv) records the operation that you performed on
the object using the appropriate QuickTest test object method For
example, suppose you click on a Find button with the following
HTMLsource code:VALUE=”Find”>QuickTest identifies the object that you clicked
as a WebButton test object.It creates a WebButton object with
the name Find, and records the followingproperties and values
for the Find WebButton:It also records that you performed a
Click method on the WebButton.QuickTest displays your step in the
Keyword View like this:QuickTest displays your step in the
Expert View like this:Browser(”Mercury Interactive”).
Page(”Mercury Interactive”).WebButton(”Find”).Click



16) What is Object Spy in QTP?
A) Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object
in an openapplication. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an
object. The ObjectSpy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree
and its properties and valuesin the Properties tab of the Object Spy
dialog box.



17. Supported Check-Points in QTP? What is the Diff between
Image check-point and Bit map Check point?
A) Image checkpoints enable you to check the properties of a Web image.
You can check an area of a Web page or application as a bitmap.
While creating a test or component, you specify the area you
want to check by selecting an object. You can check an entire object
or any area within an object. QuickTest captures the specified object
as a bitmap, and inserts a checkpoint in the test or component. You
can also choose to save only the selected area of the object with your
test or component in order to save disk Space For example, suppose
you have a Web site that can display a map of a city the user specifies.
The map has control keys for zooming. You can record the new map
that is displayed after one click on the control key that zooms in the
map. Using the bitmap checkpoint, you can check that the map zooms
in correctly.You can create bitmap checkpoints for all supported testing
environments(as long as the appropriate add-ins are loaded).
Note: The results of bitmap checkpoints may be affected by factors
such asoperating system, screen resolution, and color settings.



18) How many ways we can parameterize data in QTP ?
A) There are four types of parameters:Test, action or component
parameters enable you to use values passedfrom your test or
component, or values from other actions in your test. Data Table
parameters enable you to create a data-driven test (or action)that
runs several times using the data you supply. In each repetition,
oriteration, QuickTest uses a different value from the Data Table.
Environment variable parameters enable you to use variable
values from other sources during the run session. These may
be values you supply, orvalues that QuickTest generates for you
based on conditions and optionsyou choose. Random number
parameters enable you to insert random numbers asvalues in your
test or component. For example, to check how yourapplication
handles small and large ticket orders, you can have QuickTestgenerate
a random number and insert it in a number of tickets edit field.



20. How do u do batch testing in WR & is it possible to
do in QTP, if so explain?
A) Batch Testing in WR is nothing but running the whole test
set by selecting “Run Testset” from the “Execution Grid”.The
same is possible with QTP also. If our test cases are automated
then by selecting “Run Testset” all the test scripts can be
executed. In this process the Scripts get executed one by one
by keeping all the remaining scripts in “Waiting” mode.



21. If i give some thousand tests to execute in 2 days what
do u do?
A) Adhoc testing is done. It Covers the least basic functionalities to
verify that the system is working fine.



22. What does it mean when a check point is in red color?
What do u do?
A) A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the the cause
for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Envronment Issue
or a Application issue.



23. What do you call the window testdirector-testlab?
A)“Execution Grid”. It is place from where we
Run all Manual / Automated Scripts



24. How do u create new test sets in TD?
A)Login to TD. Click on “Test Lab” tab.
Select the Desired folder under which we
need to Create the Test Set.
( Test Sets can be grouped as per module.)
Click on “New Test Set or Ctrl+N” Icon to
create a Test Set.



25. How do u do batch testing in WR & is it possible
to do in QTP, if so explain?
A) You can use Test Batch Runner to run several tests in succession.
The results for each test are stored in their default location.
Using Test Batch Runner, you can set up a list of tests and
save the list as an .mtb file, so that you can easily run the
same batch of tests again, at another time. You can also
choose to include or exclude a test in your batch list from
running during a batch run



26. If i give some thousand tests to execute in
2 days what do u do?
A) Adhoc testing is done. It Covers the least basic functionalities
to verify that the system is working fine.



27. What does it mean when a check point is in red color?
What do u do?
A) A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the the cause
for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Envronment Issue or a
Application issue.



28. What do you call the window testdirector-testlab?
A) “Execution Grid”. It is place from where we Run all
Manual / Automated Scripts



29. How do u create new test sets in TD?
A) Login to TD. Click on “Test Lab” tab.
Select the Desired folder under which we need to Create the
Test Set. ( Test Sets can be grouped as per module.)
Click on “New Test Set or Ctrl+N” Icon to create a Test Set.



30. How to Import data from a “.xls” file to Data table
during Runtime?
A) Datatable.Import “…XLS file name…”
DataTable.ImportSheet(FileName, SheetSource, SheetDest)
DataTable.ImportSheet “C:\name.xls” ,1 ,”name”



31. How to export data present in Datatable to an “.xls” file?
A) DataTable.Export “….xls file name…”

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